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NCHS Data viagra street price Brief No. 286, September 2017PDF Versionpdf icon (374 KB)Anjel Vahratian, Ph.D.Key findingsData from the National Health Interview Survey, 2015Among those aged 40–59, perimenopausal women (56.0%) were more likely than postmenopausal (40.5%) and premenopausal (32.5%) women to sleep less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period.Postmenopausal women aged 40–59 were more likely than premenopausal women aged 40–59 to have trouble falling asleep (27.1% compared with 16.8%, respectively), and staying asleep (35.9% compared with 23.7%), four times or more in the past week.Postmenopausal women aged 40–59 (55.1%) were more likely than premenopausal women aged 40–59 (47.0%) to not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week.Sleep duration and quality are important contributors to health and wellness. Insufficient sleep viagra street price is associated with an increased risk for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (1) and diabetes (2).

Women may be particularly vulnerable to sleep problems during times of reproductive hormonal change, such as after the menopausal transition. Menopause is “the permanent cessation viagra street price of menstruation that occurs after the loss of ovarian activity” (3). This data brief describes sleep duration and sleep quality among nonpregnant women aged 40–59 by menopausal status.

The age range selected for this analysis reflects the focus on midlife sleep health. In this analysis, viagra street price 74.2% of women are premenopausal, 3.7% are perimenopausal, and 22.1% are postmenopausal. Keywords.

Insufficient sleep, menopause, National Health Interview Survey viagra street price Perimenopausal women were more likely than premenopausal and postmenopausal women to sleep less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period.More than one in three nonpregnant women aged 40–59 slept less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period (35.1%) (Figure 1). Perimenopausal women were most likely to sleep less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period (56.0%), compared with 32.5% of premenopausal and 40.5% of postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were significantly more likely than premenopausal women to sleep less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period.

Figure 1 viagra street price. Percentage of nonpregnant women aged 40–59 who slept less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period, by menopausal status. United States, 2015image viagra street price icon1Significant quadratic trend by menopausal status (p <.

0.05).NOTES. Women were postmenopausal if they had gone without a menstrual cycle for more than 1 year or were in surgical menopause after the removal of their ovaries. Women were perimenopausal if they no longer had a menstrual cycle and their last menstrual cycle was 1 year ago or viagra street price less.

Women were premenopausal if they still had a menstrual cycle. Access data table for Figure viagra street price 1pdf icon.SOURCE. NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 2015.

The percentage of women aged 40–59 who had trouble falling asleep four times or more in the past week varied by menopausal status.Nearly one in five nonpregnant women aged 40–59 had viagra street price trouble falling asleep four times or more in the past week (19.4%) (Figure 2). The percentage of women in this age group who had trouble falling asleep four times or more in the past week increased from 16.8% among premenopausal women to 24.7% among perimenopausal and 27.1% among postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were significantly more likely than premenopausal women to have trouble falling asleep four times or more in the past week.

Figure 2 viagra street price. Percentage of nonpregnant women aged 40–59 who had trouble falling asleep four times or more in the past week, by menopausal status. United States, 2015image viagra street price icon1Significant linear trend by menopausal status (p <.

0.05).NOTES. Women were postmenopausal if they had gone without a menstrual cycle for more than 1 year or were in surgical menopause after the removal of their ovaries. Women were perimenopausal if they no longer viagra street price had a menstrual cycle and their last menstrual cycle was 1 year ago or less.

Women were premenopausal if they still had a menstrual cycle. Access data table viagra street price for Figure 2pdf icon.SOURCE. NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 2015.

The percentage of women aged 40–59 who had trouble staying asleep four times or more in the past week viagra street price varied by menopausal status.More than one in four nonpregnant women aged 40–59 had trouble staying asleep four times or more in the past week (26.7%) (Figure 3). The percentage of women aged 40–59 who had trouble staying asleep four times or more in the past week increased from 23.7% among premenopausal, to 30.8% among perimenopausal, and to 35.9% among postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were significantly more likely than premenopausal women to have trouble staying asleep four times or more in the past week.

Figure 3 viagra street price. Percentage of nonpregnant women aged 40–59 who had trouble staying asleep four times or more in the past week, by menopausal status. United States, 2015image icon1Significant linear trend by menopausal status (p viagra street price <.

0.05).NOTES. Women were postmenopausal if they had gone without a menstrual cycle for more than 1 year or were in surgical menopause after the removal of their ovaries. Women were perimenopausal if they no longer had a menstrual cycle and viagra street price their last menstrual cycle was 1 year ago or less.

Women were premenopausal if they still had a menstrual cycle. Access data viagra street price table for Figure 3pdf icon.SOURCE. NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 2015.

The percentage of women aged 40–59 who did not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week varied by menopausal status.Nearly one in two nonpregnant women aged 40–59 did not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week (48.9%) (Figure 4). The percentage of women viagra street price in this age group who did not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week increased from 47.0% among premenopausal women to 49.9% among perimenopausal and 55.1% among postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were significantly more likely than premenopausal women to not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week.

Figure 4 viagra street price. Percentage of nonpregnant women aged 40–59 who did not wake up feeling well rested 4 days or more in the past week, by menopausal status. United States, 2015image icon1Significant linear trend by menopausal status (p <.

0.05).NOTES. Women were postmenopausal if they had gone without a menstrual cycle for more than 1 year or were in surgical menopause after the removal of their ovaries. Women were perimenopausal if they no longer had a menstrual cycle and their last menstrual cycle was 1 year ago or less.

Women were premenopausal if they still had a menstrual cycle. Access data table for Figure 4pdf icon.SOURCE. NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 2015.

SummaryThis report describes sleep duration and sleep quality among U.S. Nonpregnant women aged 40–59 by menopausal status. Perimenopausal women were most likely to sleep less than 7 hours, on average, in a 24-hour period compared with premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

In contrast, postmenopausal women were most likely to have poor-quality sleep. A greater percentage of postmenopausal women had frequent trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and not waking well rested compared with premenopausal women. The percentage of perimenopausal women with poor-quality sleep was between the percentages for the other two groups in all three categories.

Sleep duration changes with advancing age (4), but sleep duration and quality are also influenced by concurrent changes in women’s reproductive hormone levels (5). Because sleep is critical for optimal health and well-being (6), the findings in this report highlight areas for further research and targeted health promotion. DefinitionsMenopausal status.

A three-level categorical variable was created from a series of questions that asked women. 1) “How old were you when your periods or menstrual cycles started?. €.

2) “Do you still have periods or menstrual cycles?. €. 3) “When did you have your last period or menstrual cycle?.

€. And 4) “Have you ever had both ovaries removed, either as part of a hysterectomy or as one or more separate surgeries?. € Women were postmenopausal if they a) had gone without a menstrual cycle for more than 1 year or b) were in surgical menopause after the removal of their ovaries.

Women were perimenopausal if they a) no longer had a menstrual cycle and b) their last menstrual cycle was 1 year ago or less. Premenopausal women still had a menstrual cycle.Not waking feeling well rested. Determined by respondents who answered 3 days or less on the questionnaire item asking, “In the past week, on how many days did you wake up feeling well rested?.

€Short sleep duration. Determined by respondents who answered 6 hours or less on the questionnaire item asking, “On average, how many hours of sleep do you get in a 24-hour period?. €Trouble falling asleep.

Determined by respondents who answered four times or more on the questionnaire item asking, “In the past week, how many times did you have trouble falling asleep?. €Trouble staying asleep. Determined by respondents who answered four times or more on the questionnaire item asking, “In the past week, how many times did you have trouble staying asleep?.

€ Data source and methodsData from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used for this analysis. NHIS is a multipurpose health survey conducted continuously throughout the year by the National Center for Health Statistics. Interviews are conducted in person in respondents’ homes, but follow-ups to complete interviews may be conducted over the telephone.

Data for this analysis came from the Sample Adult core and cancer supplement sections of the 2015 NHIS. For more information about NHIS, including the questionnaire, visit the NHIS website.All analyses used weights to produce national estimates. Estimates on sleep duration and quality in this report are nationally representative of the civilian, noninstitutionalized nonpregnant female population aged 40–59 living in households across the United States.

The sample design is described in more detail elsewhere (7). Point estimates and their estimated variances were calculated using SUDAAN software (8) to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Linear and quadratic trend tests of the estimated proportions across menopausal status were tested in SUDAAN via PROC DESCRIPT using the POLY option.

Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. About the authorAnjel Vahratian is with the National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Lindsey Black in the preparation of this report.

ReferencesFord ES. Habitual sleep duration and predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk using the pooled cohort risk equations among US adults. J Am Heart Assoc 3(6):e001454.

2014.Ford ES, Wheaton AG, Chapman DP, Li C, Perry GS, Croft JB. Associations between self-reported sleep duration and sleeping disorder with concentrations of fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin among adults without diagnosed diabetes. J Diabetes 6(4):338–50.

2014.American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 141.

Management of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 123(1):202–16. 2014.Black LI, Nugent CN, Adams PF.

Tables of adult health behaviors, sleep. National Health Interview Survey, 2011–2014pdf icon. 2016.Santoro N.

Perimenopause. From research to practice. J Women’s Health (Larchmt) 25(4):332–9.

2016.Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult. A joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society.

J Clin Sleep Med 11(6):591–2. 2015.Parsons VL, Moriarity C, Jonas K, et al. Design and estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 2006–2015.

National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(165). 2014.RTI International.

SUDAAN (Release 11.0.0) [computer software]. 2012. Suggested citationVahratian A.

Sleep duration and quality among women aged 40–59, by menopausal status. NCHS data brief, no 286. Hyattsville, MD.

National Center for Health Statistics. 2017.Copyright informationAll material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission. Citation as to source, however, is appreciated.National Center for Health StatisticsCharles J.

Rothwell, M.S., M.B.A., DirectorJennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for ScienceDivision of Health Interview StatisticsMarcie L. Cynamon, DirectorStephen J.

Blumberg, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science.

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So if you’re eligible for subsidies – and most people are – your coverage for next year is likely to be quite affordable. Louise Norris is an individual health insurance broker who has been writing about health insurance and health reform since 2006. She has written dozens of opinions and educational pieces about the Affordable Care Act for healthinsurance.org. Her state health exchange updates are regularly cited by media who cover health reform and by other health insurance experts.Recent news about individual-market health insurance has been largely centered around the American Rescue Plan and how it’s made coverage in 2021 much more affordable than it used to be.

Now, as we approach ACA’s annual open enrollment period, it’s a good time to look ahead to what we can expect to happen with 2022 coverage. Fortunately, the ARP’s enhanced subsidies will still be in effect in 2022 – and possibly longer, if Congress can agree on an extension. That means subsidies will continue to be larger than they used to be, and more widely available, including to households earning more than 400% of the poverty level. For 2022 individual/family coverage, we’re seeing some wide variation in proposed and finalized rate changes across the country.

Average rates will decrease in some areas and increase in others, with modest single-digit rate changes in most places. (Since the ARP has eliminated the income cap for subsidy eligibility for 2021 and 2022, few enrollees will see these rate changes reflected in their actual premiums, since most enrollees get premium subsidies. But rate changes do affect the size of the subsidy amount, and that can result in changes for after-subsidy premiums, as explained below.) Increased insurer participation in marketplaces continues But we’re also seeing widespread continuation of the increasing insurer participation trend that’s been ongoing since 2019. In 2017 and 2018, insurers fled the ACA’s exchanges – or even the entire individual/family market.

But that started to turn around in 2019, and insurer participation increased again in 2020 and 2021. For 2022, that trend is continuing. Some big-name insurers that previously scaled back their marketplace participation are rejoining various marketplaces, and some smaller regional insurers are joining marketplaces or expanding their existing footprints. Where are new carriers entering ACA’s marketplace for 2022?.

Here’s a summary of some of the major individual/family insurers that are entering new markets for 2022. Aetna CVS Health is joining the marketplace in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Virginia, and Texas. Friday Health Plans is joining the marketplace in Oklahoma and Georgia, and possibly North Carolina. Bright Healthcare is joining the marketplace in California, Texas, and Georgia.

UnitedHealthcare is joining the marketplace in Alabama, Texas and Georgia. Oscar Health is joining the marketplace in Arkansas, Illinois, and Nebraska. Cigna is joining the marketplace in Georgia. Moda is joining the marketplace in Texas.

US Health and Life is joining the marketplace in Indiana. Hometown Health Plan is joining the marketplace in Nevada. Innovation Health Plan is joining the marketplace in Virginia. ConnectiCare Insurance Company is joining the marketplace in Connecticut.

More carriers = more plan options … That’s in addition to numerous coverage area expansions by existing marketplace insurers in many states. Based on the rate filings that we’ve analyzed thus far, we anticipate that many – if not most – marketplace enrollees will have more plan options available for 2022 than they had this year. One of the goals of the ACA was to increase competition in the individual health insurance market. The exchanges are set up to facilitate that, with enrollees able to compare options from all of the participating insurers and select the plan that best fits their needs.

From that perspective, increasing insurer participation and competition in the exchange is good. And it does give people more plans from which to choose, which can also be a good thing. But too many choices can overwhelm applicants and result in poor decision making. €¦ and a new carrier could also affect premium subsidies In addition to delivering more plan options, carriers expanding into an area might also affect premium subsidies in that area.

How much effect will depend on how the new plans are priced in comparison with the existing plans – keeping in mind that rates change each year on January 1 regardless of whether any new insurers are entering the market. Premium subsidy amounts are based on the cost of the benchmark plan in each area. But since that just refers to the second-lowest-cost Silver plan, it’s not necessarily the same plan from one year to the next. If a new insurer enters the market with low-priced plans, the insurer may undercut the current benchmark and take over the second-lowest-cost spot.

If the premium is lower than the benchmark plan’s price would otherwise have been, the result is smaller premium subsidies for everyone in that area. For people in that area who prefer to keep their existing plan (as opposed to switching to the new lower-cost options), this can result in an increase in after-subsidy premiums, since the subsidies are smaller than they would otherwise have been. We can see an example of this in the Phoenix area in 2019 and 2020, when new insurers entered the market with lower-priced plans that reduced the size of premium subsidies in the area. To clarify, anything that reduces the cost of the benchmark premium will result in smaller subsidies.

This can be a new lower-cost insurer entering the market, or existing insurers reducing their rates. An example of this can be seen in how after-subsidy premiums increased for many of Colorado’s exchange enrollees in 2020, when the state’s new reinsurance program reduced average pre-subsidy premiums by about 20%. The reduction helped unsubsidized enrollees (mostly those with incomes over the limit for subsidy eligibility, which has been removed at least through 2022) but resulted in higher net premiums for many enrollees who qualified for subsidies. Although the vast majority of exchange enrollees do qualify for premium subsidies (especially now that the American Rescue Plan has eliminated the “subsidy cliff” for 2021 and 2022) some enrollees do not.

For these enrollees, the introduction of a new insurer simply broadens their plan options, and does not affect their premiums unless they choose to switch to the new plan. And of course, if the new insurer has plans that are priced higher than the existing benchmark plan, the carrier’s entry will not affect net premiums paid by subsidized enrollees. Plan to compare your coverage options during open enrollment It will be several weeks before all the details are clear in terms of rate changes and plan availability for 2022 coverage. But it appears that the trend of increasing competition in the exchanges will continue.

And although the American Rescue Plan’s enhanced subsidy structure will still be in place in 2022 – making subsidies larger and more widely available than they would otherwise have been – it’s still possible for a new insurer to disrupt the market and end up adjusting the size of premium subsidies in a given area. Open enrollment for 2022 coverage will begin November 1. Actively comparing your options during open enrollment is always the best approach, and that’s especially true if a new insurer will be offering plans in your area. Letting your current plan auto-renew without comparison shopping is never in your best interest.

If a new insurer is joining the marketplace, you may find that its plans are a perfect fit for your needs. Or you might find that your best option is to switch to a different plan because your after-subsidy premiums are increasing due to the new insurer undercutting the price of the current benchmark plan. Switching plans might be a non-starter due to your provider network or drug formulary needs, but you won’t know for sure until you consider the various options that are available to you. Ask a professional how a new carrier could impact your coverage We have an overview of factors to keep in mind when you’re choosing a health plan, but it’s also worthwhile to seek out professional advice.

Enrollment assistance is available from brokers, enrollment counselors, and Navigators. Brokers are licensed and regulated by state insurance departments, and must also have certification from the exchange in order to help people enroll in health plans offered through the exchange. Training and testing are necessary in order to obtain the license and certification, and brokers must also complete ongoing continuing education in order to maintain their credentials. Broker training encompasses a wide range of topics, including ethics, fraud prevention, evolving insurance laws and regulations, and health plan details.

The training and regulatory oversight make brokers a reliable source of information and assistance with initial plan selections and enrollments as well as future issues that might arise as the health plan is utilized. Navigators should be much more widely available this fall, as the Biden administration has allocated $80 million for this year’s Navigator grants in the states that use HealthCare.gov. (The previous high was $63 million in 2016. The Trump administration subsequently reduced it to $36 million in 2017 and to $10 million each year from 2018 through 2020.) The Biden administration has also proposed a return to expanded duties for Navigators, which would provide consumers with increased access to post-enrollment assistance with their coverage.

In short, enrollment assistance should be widely available this fall, and it’s in your best interest to use it. A recent report from Young Invincibles highlights the myriad ways that enrollment assisters help consumers – it’s more than just picking a plan. Regardless of where you seek assistance, it won’t cost you anything – and a broker, Navigator, or enrollment counselor will be able to help you determine the impact of any new insurers that will be offering plans in your area for 2022, and help you make sense of the options available to you. Louise Norris is an individual health insurance broker who has been writing about health insurance and health reform since 2006.

She has written dozens of opinions and educational pieces about the Affordable Care Act for healthinsurance.org. Her state health exchange updates are regularly cited by media who cover health reform and by other health insurance experts..

The American Rescue Plan’s enhancements to the Affordable Care Act’s health Buy propecia online without prescription insurance subsidies will continue long after the end viagra street price of the erectile dysfunction treatment SEP. That means that when you do have an opportunity to buy coverage again – either through open enrollment or due to a personal qualifying life event – you’ll likely find individual health insurance much less expensive than you might have expected. The ARP’s affordability provisions are still helping with premiums As we’ve noted over the past few months, the American Rescue Plan included numerous provisions that make ACA-compliant plans more affordable than ever. The additional health insurance subsidy enhancements viagra street price delivered by the ARP include. Larger subsidies for people who were already subsidy-eligible.

The elimination of the “subsidy cliff,” making more people eligible for subsidies. Free coverage with full viagra street price cost-sharing reductions for people who have received any unemployment compensation this year. All of those benefits continue to be available. The additional subsidies based on unemployment compensation continue through the end of 2021, while the other subsidy enhancements will be available through the end of 2022 (and possibly longer, if Congress extends them). How popular are the ARP’s viagra street price subsidy enhancements?.

HHS reported last week that more than 2.5 million people had already enrolled in coverage during the erectile dysfunction treatment-related special enrollment period, and that another 2.6 million existing marketplace enrollees had activated their ARP subsidies. Among all of the new enrollees, average after-subsidy premiums were just $85/month, as opposed to $117/month before the ARP’s subsidies became available. And across all of the new and renewing enrollees, about 35% had viagra street price obtained coverage with after-subsidy premiums of less than $10/month. That illustrates how substantial premium subsidies have become under the ARP. And again, nothing has changed about those subsidies.

The special enrollment window has ended in most states, but the subsidies are still available if you’re eligible to enroll for the viagra street price remainder of 2021 — and again during open enrollment for 2022, which starts November 1. So if you’re in a state where enrollment is still open, or if you’re eligible for an individual special enrollment period in any state, it’s certainly in your best interest to see what plan options are available to you. Enrolling as soon as you’re eligible will mean that you’re able to start taking advantage of the ARP’s subsidies right away, rather than having to wait for open enrollment and coverage that starts in 2022. States where enrollment continues Although the erectile dysfunction treatment SEP ended on August 15 in the states that use HealthCare.gov – and some of the states that run their own exchanges viagra street price – enrollment is still actually ongoing in several states. Vermont.

Enrollment continues through October 1 (for uninsured residents). Connecticut. General enrollment continues through October 31. DC. General enrollment continues through the end of the viagra emergency period.

California. Enrollment continues through December 31 for uninsured residents and those switching from off-exchange to on-exchange coverage. There is also a temporary wildfire-related SEP in California, for residents in areas where a state of emergency has been declared due to wildfires. In Minnesota, the general erectile dysfunction treatment-related special enrollment period ended in mid-July. But the state’s marketplace is still allowing people to enroll or switch to a $0 premium plan if they have received unemployment compensation in 2021.

New Jersey. General enrollment continues through December 31. New York. General enrollment continues through December 31. Enrollment if you have a qualifying life event Not in one of those states?.

Special enrollment periods are available to individuals who experience a wide range of “life changes.” The most common trigger for a personal SEP is a loss of other coverage — usually job-based coverage. (Note that there’s usually only a 60-day window to enroll in a new plan after losing other coverage. But HealthCare.gov is making an exception for people who lost their coverage as long ago as January 2020, if they missed their enrollment deadline because they were “impacted by the erectile dysfunction treatment emergency.” People who need to utilize this flexibility have to call the marketplace directly to qualify for a special enrollment period on a case-by-case basis.) In addition to a loss of coverage, there are also other situations in which you’ll qualify for a SEP. They include events such as the birth or adoption of a child, marriage (as long as at least one spouse already had minimum essential coverage), or even your grandmothered or grandfathered plan coming up for renewal. More opportunities to enroll in ACA-compliant coverage In addition to the states with ongoing erectile dysfunction treatment-related enrollment periods and the individual SEPs triggered by qualifying life events, there are other circumstances under which you might still be eligible to enroll in affordable health coverage.

If you’re eligible for Medicaid or CHIP in any state, enrollment continues year-round. If you’re eligible for the Basic Health Programs in New York and Minnesota, you can enroll anytime. If you’re eligible for Connecticut’s new Covered Connecticut family program, you have until at least the end of 2021 to sign up for free coverage. If you’re newly eligible for the ConnectorCare program in Massachusetts (or if this is your first time enrolling in it), you can enroll anytime. Native Americans can enroll in marketplace plans year-round.

Mark your calendar for 2022 open enrollment If you don’t have an enrollment period now, be sure to mark your calendar for the start of open enrollment on November 1. That’s when you’ll be able to sign up for health coverage that will take effect in January, with coverage for essential health benefits and pre-existing conditions. During open enrollment, your medical history won’t matter, and neither will your coverage history. And if you’re already enrolled in an ACA-compliant plan – or soon will be – you’ll still want to pay attention to open enrollment this fall. There are new insurers joining the marketplaces in many areas, which might have an unexpected effect on your premium subsidy.

And even if you’re happy with the plan you have now, you might find that a different plan works better for the coming year. Fortunately, the ARP’s subsidy enhancements will continue to be available for 2022. So if you’re eligible for subsidies – and most people are – your coverage for next year is likely to be quite affordable. Louise Norris is an individual health insurance broker who has been writing about health insurance and health reform since 2006. She has written dozens of opinions and educational pieces about the Affordable Care Act for healthinsurance.org.

Her state health exchange updates are regularly cited by media who cover health reform and by other health insurance experts.Recent news about individual-market health insurance has been largely centered around the American Rescue Plan and how it’s made coverage in 2021 much more affordable than it used to be. Now, as we approach ACA’s annual open enrollment period, it’s a good time to look ahead to what we can expect to happen with 2022 coverage. Fortunately, the ARP’s enhanced subsidies will still be in effect in 2022 – and possibly longer, if Congress can agree on an extension. That means subsidies will continue to be larger than they used to be, and more widely available, including to households earning more than 400% of the poverty level. For 2022 individual/family coverage, we’re seeing some wide variation in proposed and finalized rate changes across the country.

Average rates will decrease in some areas and increase in others, with modest single-digit rate changes in most places. (Since the ARP has eliminated the income cap for subsidy eligibility for 2021 and 2022, few enrollees will see these rate changes reflected in their actual premiums, since most enrollees get premium subsidies. But rate changes do affect the size of the subsidy amount, and that can result in changes for after-subsidy premiums, as explained below.) Increased insurer participation in marketplaces continues But we’re also seeing widespread continuation of the increasing insurer participation trend that’s been ongoing since 2019. In 2017 and 2018, insurers fled the ACA’s exchanges – or even the entire individual/family market. But that started to turn around in 2019, and insurer participation increased again in 2020 and 2021.

For 2022, that trend is continuing. Some big-name insurers that previously scaled back their marketplace participation are rejoining various marketplaces, and some smaller regional insurers are joining marketplaces or expanding their existing footprints. Where are new carriers entering ACA’s marketplace for 2022?. Here’s a summary of some of the major individual/family insurers that are entering new markets for 2022. Aetna CVS Health is joining the marketplace in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Virginia, and Texas.

Friday Health Plans is joining the marketplace in Oklahoma and Georgia, and possibly North Carolina. Bright Healthcare is joining the marketplace in California, Texas, and Georgia. UnitedHealthcare is joining the marketplace in Alabama, Texas and Georgia. Oscar Health is joining the marketplace in Arkansas, Illinois, and Nebraska. Cigna is joining the marketplace in Georgia.

Moda is joining the marketplace in Texas. US Health and Life is joining the marketplace in Indiana. Hometown Health Plan is joining the marketplace in Nevada. Innovation Health Plan is joining the marketplace in Virginia. ConnectiCare Insurance Company is joining the marketplace in Connecticut.

More carriers = more plan options … That’s in addition to numerous coverage area expansions by existing marketplace insurers in many states. Based on the rate filings that we’ve analyzed thus far, we anticipate that many – if not most – marketplace enrollees will have more plan options available for 2022 than they had this year. One of the goals of the ACA was to increase competition in the individual health insurance market. The exchanges are set up to facilitate that, with enrollees able to compare options from all of the participating insurers and select the plan that best fits their needs. From that perspective, increasing insurer participation and competition in the exchange is good.

And it does give people more plans from which to choose, which can also be a good thing. But too many choices can overwhelm applicants and result in poor decision making. €¦ and a new carrier could also affect premium subsidies In addition to delivering more plan options, carriers expanding into an area might also affect premium subsidies in that area. How much effect will depend on how the new plans are priced in comparison with the existing plans – keeping in mind that rates change each year on January 1 regardless of whether any new insurers are entering the market. Premium subsidy amounts are based on the cost of the benchmark plan in each area.

But since that just refers to the second-lowest-cost Silver plan, it’s not necessarily the same plan from one year to the next. If a new insurer enters the market with low-priced plans, the insurer may undercut the current benchmark and take over the second-lowest-cost spot. If the premium is lower than the benchmark plan’s price would otherwise have been, the result is smaller premium subsidies for everyone in that area. For people in that area who prefer to keep their existing plan (as opposed to switching to the new lower-cost options), this can result in an increase in after-subsidy premiums, since the subsidies are smaller than they would otherwise have been. We can see an example of this in the Phoenix area in 2019 and 2020, when new insurers entered the market with lower-priced plans that reduced the size of premium subsidies in the area.

To clarify, anything that reduces the cost of the benchmark premium will result in smaller subsidies. This can be a new lower-cost insurer entering the market, or existing insurers reducing their rates. An example of this can be seen in how after-subsidy premiums increased for many of Colorado’s exchange enrollees in 2020, when the state’s new reinsurance program reduced average pre-subsidy premiums by about 20%. The reduction helped unsubsidized enrollees (mostly those with incomes over the limit for subsidy eligibility, which has been removed at least through 2022) but resulted in higher net premiums for many enrollees who qualified for subsidies. Although the vast majority of exchange enrollees do qualify for premium subsidies (especially now that the American Rescue Plan has eliminated the “subsidy cliff” for 2021 and 2022) some enrollees do not.

For these enrollees, the introduction of a new insurer simply broadens their plan options, and does not affect their premiums unless they choose to switch to the new plan. And of course, if the new insurer has plans that are priced higher than the existing benchmark plan, the carrier’s entry will not affect net premiums paid by subsidized enrollees. Plan to compare your coverage options during open enrollment It will be several weeks before all the details are clear in terms of rate changes and plan availability for 2022 coverage. But it appears that the trend of increasing competition in the exchanges will continue. And although the American Rescue Plan’s enhanced subsidy structure will still be in place in 2022 – making subsidies larger and more widely available than they would otherwise have been – it’s still possible for a new insurer to disrupt the market and end up adjusting the size of premium subsidies in a given area.

Open enrollment for 2022 coverage will begin November 1. Actively comparing your options during open enrollment is always the best approach, and that’s especially true if a new insurer will be offering plans in your area. Letting your current plan auto-renew without comparison shopping is never in your best interest. If a new insurer is joining the marketplace, you may find that its plans are a perfect fit for your needs. Or you might find that your best option is to switch to a different plan because your after-subsidy premiums are increasing due to the new insurer undercutting the price of the current benchmark plan.

Switching plans might be a non-starter due to your provider network or drug formulary needs, but you won’t know for sure until you consider the various options that are available to you. Ask a professional how a new carrier could impact your coverage We have an overview of factors to keep in mind when you’re choosing a health plan, but it’s also worthwhile to seek out professional advice. Enrollment assistance is available from brokers, enrollment counselors, and Navigators. Brokers are licensed and regulated by state insurance departments, and must also have certification from the exchange in order to help people enroll in health plans offered through the exchange. Training and testing are necessary in order to obtain the license and certification, and brokers must also complete ongoing continuing education in order to maintain their credentials.

Broker training encompasses a wide range of topics, including ethics, fraud prevention, evolving insurance laws and regulations, and health plan details. The training and regulatory oversight make brokers a reliable source of information and assistance with initial plan selections and enrollments as well as future issues that might arise as the health plan is utilized. Navigators should be much more widely available this fall, as the Biden administration has allocated $80 million for this year’s Navigator grants in the states that use HealthCare.gov. (The previous high was $63 million in 2016. The Trump administration subsequently reduced it to $36 million in 2017 and to $10 million each year from 2018 through 2020.) The Biden administration has also proposed a return to expanded duties for Navigators, which would provide consumers with increased access to post-enrollment assistance with their coverage.

In short, enrollment assistance should be widely available this fall, and it’s in your best interest to use it. A recent report from Young Invincibles highlights the myriad ways that enrollment assisters help consumers – it’s more than just picking a plan. Regardless of where you seek assistance, it won’t cost you anything – and a broker, Navigator, or enrollment counselor will be able to help you determine the impact of any new insurers that will be offering plans in your area for 2022, and help you make sense of the options available to you. Louise Norris is an individual health insurance broker who has been writing about health insurance and health reform since 2006. She has written dozens of opinions and educational pieces about the Affordable Care Act for healthinsurance.org.

Her state health exchange updates are regularly cited by media who cover health reform and by other health insurance experts..